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URL Shortening Service like TinyURL
Involves converting long URLs into shorter, unique aliases while ensuring scalability.
Involves creating a platform for sharing photos, videos, and social networking.
Facebook Messenger
Involves creating a real-time messaging platform for text, voice, and video communication.
Involves creating a platform for short text updates, social interaction, and real-time information sharing.
Youtube or Netflix
Involves building a platform for streaming video with scalable delivery and recommendations.
API Rate Limiter
Involves controlling the number of requests a user can make to an API within a specified time frame.
Twitter Search
Involves indexing and retrieving tweets based on keywords and relevance.
Web Crawler
Involves creating a system that systematically browses the web to index and gather data.
Facebook’s Newsfeed
Involves displaying personalized content based on user interactions.
Yelp or Nearby Friends
Involves user reviews and local business discovery & showing nearby locations in real-time.
Uber backend
Designing Uber's backend involves real-time ride matching and payment processing.
Ticketmaster
Involves building a platform for event ticket sales, distribution, and real-time inventory management.
Load Balancing
Involves distributing incoming network traffic across multiple servers to ensure reliability and optimal performance.
API Gateway
Involves manages and routes API requests, providing a unified entry point, security, and request handling.
Domain Name System (DNS)
It translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses, enabling internet navigation.
Caching
Involves storing frequently accessed data temporarily to speed up retrieval and reduce load on the main data source.
Data Partitioning
It divides a database into smaller pieces to improve performance and scalability.
Proxies
It acts as intermediaries between clients and servers to enhance security, privacy, and performance.
Redundancy and Replication
Involves duplicating critical system components to ensure reliability and availability in case of failures.
CAP & PACELC Theorems
It balances availability vs consistency during partitions and latency vs consistency otherwise.
Databases (SQL vs. NoSQL)
Databases store, organize, and manage data for efficient retrieval and manipulation.
Indexes
Indexes optimize data retrieval speed by creating quick access paths to specific data in a database.
Bloom Filters
Bloom Filters are space-efficient data structures used to test whether an element is likely in a set, with possible false positives.
Quorum
Quorum is the minimum number of nodes required to agree on a decision in a distributed system to ensure consistency.
Heartbeat
Heartbeats are regular signals sent between system components to monitor their status and ensure they are operational.
Checksum
A checksum is a calculated value used to verify the integrity of data by detecting errors or corruption during transmission or storage.
Leader and Follower
Leader and Follower is a replication model where the leader handles writes, and followers replicate data for consistency.
Distributed Messaging System
A Distributed Messaging System enables reliable communication between applications via message passing.
Distributed File System
A Distributed File System allows access to files across multiple servers, ensuring scalability and fault tolerance.
Gossip Protocol
Gossip Protocol is a communication method where nodes in a network spread information randomly to ensure eventual consistency.
Split Brain
"Split Brain" occurs when network partitions cause multiple nodes to act as leaders, leading to conflicts.
Vector Clocks
Vector Clocks track causal relationships between events in distributed systems to ensure consistency.
Merkle Trees
Merkle Trees are data structures that verify large data sets' integrity by organizing hashes into a hierarchical tree.
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